HISTORY OF GRAPHIC DESIGN (TIMELINE)

What is a Graphic Design? Graphic design is the methodology of visual communication "a term that emphasizes its function of giving form" like the design of a GREETING CARD, POSTER, PRODUCT PACKAGING, BROCHURES, ADVERTISEMENT, BOOK DESIGN, CORPORATE STATIONARY, WEBSITE, ICONS, and LOGOS to information to audience. The field is considered a sub set of visual communication and communication design, but sometimes the term "Graphic Design" is used interchangeably with these due to overlapping skilss involved. Graphic designers use various methods to create and combine WORDS, SYMBOLS, and IMAGES to create a visual representation of ideas and messages. Thus, graphic design is the art and profession of selecting and arranging visual elements such as TYPOGRAPHY, IMAGES, SYMBOLS, and COLOURS to convey a message to an audience. An important part of the designer's task is to combine VISUAL and VERBAL ELEMENTS into an ordered and effective whole. Graphic design is therefore a collaborative discipline.

1.LOGOS

Logo is graphic mark, emblem, or symbol commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and even individuals to aid and promote istant public recognition. Logos are either purely graphic (symbol/icons) or are composed of the name of the organization (a logotype or wordmark). In the days of hot metal, a logotype was a uniquely set and arranged typeface or colophon. At the level of mass communication and in common usage a company's logo is today often synonymous with its trademark or brand.

2.ICON/SYMBOLS

Icon design is the process of designing a graphic symbol that represent some real, fantasy or abstract motive, entity or action. In the context of software application, an icon often represent a program, a function, data or a collection of data on a computer system. Icon design can be simple, with flat two-dimensional drawing or a black silhoutte, or complex, presenting a combination of graphic design elements such as one or more linear and radial colour gradients, project shadows, contour shades, projected shadows, contour shades, and three-dimensional perspective effects.

3.WEBSITE

A website, also written as web site, or simply site, is a set of related web pages typically served from  a single web domain. A website is hosted on at least one web server, accesible via a network such as the internet or a private local area network through an internet address known as a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). All publicly accesible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web.The pages of website can usually be accsessed from a simple Uniform Resourse Locator (URL) called the web address. Some websites require a subscription to access some o all of their content. Example of subscription website include many business sites part of news websites, gaming websites, academic journal, social networking and etc.

4.BRONCHURES

A brochure is a flayer, pamphlet or leaflet that is used to pass information about something to an audience. Brochures are advertising pieces mainly used to introduce a company or organization and inform about products and/or sevices to a target audience. Brochures are distributed by radio, handed out personally or placed in brochure racks. They may be considered as grey are usually present near tourist attractions.

5.ADVERTISEMENT

Advertisement or advertizing is a form of marketing communication used to persuade an audience to take or continue some action, ussually with respect to a commercial offering, or political or ideological support. Commercial advertisers often seek to generate increased consumption of their product or services through 'branding', which involves assoclating a product name or image with certain qualities in the minds of consumers. Modern advertising was created with the innovative techniques introduced with tobacco advertising in the 1920s, most significatly with the campaigns of Edward Bernays, which is often considered the founder of modern, Madison Avenue advertising.

6.BILLBOARD

A billboard also called a hoarding in the UK and many others parts of the world is a large outdoor advertising structure (a billing board), typically found in high-traffic areas such as alongside busy roads. Billboards present large advertisement to passing pedestrians and drivers. Typically showing large, ostensibly with slogans, and distinctive visuals, billboard are highly visible in the top designated market areas. Bulletins are the largerst standart-size billboards. Located primarily on major highways, expressways or princiapl arterials, they command high-density consumer exposure (mostly to vehicular traffic). Posters are also the other common form of billboard.

7.GREETING CARD

A greeting card is an illustrated piece of card or high quality paper featuring an expression of frienship or other sentiment. Although greeting cards are usually given on special occasion such as birthday, Christmas, and especially to business partner to make a good business relationship. They are also sent to convey thanks or express other feelings. Greeting cards, usually packaged with an  envelope come in a variety of styles. There are both mass-produced as well as handmade versions that are distributed by hundreds of companies large and small. While typically inexpensive, more elaborate cards with die-cuts or glued-on decorations may be more expensive.

8.POSTERS

A poster is any piece of printed paper designed to be attached to a wall or vertical surface. Typically posters include both textual and graphic elements, although a poster may be either wholly graphical or wholly text. Posters are designed to be both eye-cathching and informative. Posters may be used for many purpose. They are a frequent tool of advertiser (particularly of events, musicians and film ), propagandists, protestors and other groups trying to communicate a message. Posters are also used or reproductions of artwork, particularly famous works, and are generally low-cost compared to original artwork. The modern poster, as we know it, however, dates back to the 1840s and 1850s when the printing industry perfected colour lithography and made mass production possible.

9.PRODUCT PACKAGING

Product packaging is the technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale and use. Packaging also refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells. In many countries it is fully intergrated into goverment, bussiness, institutional, industrial, and personal use. Packaging labelling or labelling is any written, electronic, or graphic communication on the package or on a separate but associated label.

10.CORPORATE STATIONARY

Stationary are the biggest meaning as we know. Stationary has historically pertained to a wide gamut of materials such as in coorporate like call card, letterhead, envelop and etc. Originally the term referred to all products sold by stationer, whose name indicates that his book shop was on fixed spot. The usage and marketing of stationary is a niche industry that is increasingly threatened by electronic media. As stationary is intrinsically linked to paper and the process of written, personalized communication, many techniques of stationary manufacture are employed, of varying desirability and expense.

11.BOOK DESIGN

Book design is the art incorporating the content, style, format, design, and sequence of the various components of a book into a coherent whole. In the words of Jan Tschichold, book design, "though largely forgotten today, methods and rules upon whichit is impossible to improve, have been developed over refers to the need for a context to understand what that means.

19 Century's of Graphic Design (week 3)

In the late 19th century, graphic design emerged as a distinct profession in the West, in part because of the job specialization process that occured there, and in part because of the new technologies and commercial possibilities brought about by the industrial Revolution. New production methods led to the separation of the design of a communication medium like poster, from its actual production. Increasingly, over the course of the late 19th century, advertising agencies, book publishers, and magazines hired art directors who organized all visual elements of the communication and brought them into a harmonious whole, creating an expression appropriate to the content. In 1922 typographer William A.Dwiggins coined the term graphic design to identify the emerging field.

ENGLISH BATTLEDORE (1830).
PUBLISHED BY : WILLIAM DAVISON.

THIS ADVERTISEMENT.
(TIPPED INTO AN 1853 MAGAZINE).

FANCY TEXTILE DESIGN.
DESIGNER : WILLIAM MORRIS.

A STORY OF GRAPHIC DESIGN FOR RAINY DAYS'.
AUTHOR : FELT & WIRE.

AN ADVERTISEMENT GREENFIELD INDIANA BUSSINESS (1871).
ADVERTISER : JAMES WHITCOMB RILEY'S.

CHESNUT STREET THEATER POSTER (1854).
POSTER CREATER BY : ROBERT CLEE.